Abdominal pain is discomfort anywhere between the chest and groin. It may come from the digestive system, urinary tract, reproductive organs, abdominal muscles or another part of the body. The location and severity of pain do not always show how serious the cause is.
Common causes
Short-lived pain may be related to trapped wind, constipation, indigestion, a stomach infection or a food-related problem. Other possible causes include urinary infection, kidney stones, gallstones, appendicitis, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and gynaecological conditions. Chest and lung problems can sometimes be felt in the upper abdomen.
Details that help identify the cause
- Where the pain began and whether it moves
- Whether it is cramping, burning, sharp or constant
- When it started and what makes it better or worse
- Vomiting, fever, bloating or changes in bowel movements
- Urinary symptoms, vaginal bleeding or possible pregnancy
- Recent illness, travel, injury, medicines or surgery
Self-care for mild pain
Rest, drink fluids in small amounts and eat lightly if you feel able. Avoid alcohol and meals that clearly worsen symptoms. A pharmacist can advise about constipation, indigestion or pain relief. Avoid repeatedly treating unexplained or worsening pain without medical advice.
When to seek medical advice
Arrange an assessment when pain persists, repeatedly returns or is accompanied by fever, ongoing diarrhoea or vomiting, painful urination, abdominal swelling, unexplained weight loss, blood in the urine or stool, or a new change in bowel habits. Seek prompt advice for pain during pregnancy or after a recent abdominal procedure.
When to seek emergency help
Call emergency services for sudden or severe pain, a rigid or very tender abdomen, collapse, breathing difficulty or chest pain. Get urgent help if you vomit blood, pass black or bloody stools, cannot urinate, cannot pass stool or wind, have persistent vomiting, or have severe pain with fever, confusion or faintness.
Sources
Reviewed: 28 August 2026