Gas is a normal part of digestion. It leaves the digestive tract through belching or passing gas. Bloating is a feeling of fullness, pressure or swelling in the abdomen, while abdominal distention means the abdomen becomes visibly larger. Bloating can occur even when the amount of intestinal gas is normal.
Common causes
- Swallowing air while eating or drinking
- Carbonated drinks, chewing gum or eating quickly
- Carbohydrates that are not fully digested and are broken down by bacteria in the large intestine
- Constipation
- Lactose intolerance or another carbohydrate intolerance
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Celiac disease or another digestive disorder
What may help
- Eat more slowly and chew food thoroughly.
- Reduce carbonated drinks and chewing gum if they worsen symptoms.
- Try smaller meals if large meals trigger bloating.
- Stay physically active.
- Treat constipation when present.
- Keep a short food and symptom record to identify consistent triggers.
Foods such as beans, some vegetables and whole grains can increase gas, but they also provide important nutrients and fiber. Avoid removing large groups of foods unless there is a clear reason. A registered dietitian can help if multiple foods appear to trigger symptoms.
When symptoms need assessment
Arrange medical assessment if bloating or gas is persistent, suddenly different from usual, or occurs with continuing abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, blood in the stool, loss of appetite or unexplained weight loss.
Urgent warning signs
Seek urgent medical care for severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a markedly swollen abdomen, inability to pass stool or gas, fainting, vomiting blood or black, tarry stools. These symptoms may indicate bowel obstruction, bleeding or another serious condition.
Related topics
Sources
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026.
Medical disclaimer: This information is general and does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis or treatment.