Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder and a serious mental health condition. It involves repeated episodes of eating a large amount of food with a sense of losing control, followed by attempts to compensate. These may include vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise or misuse of laxatives or diuretics. A person can have bulimia at any body size.
Possible signs
- Eating large amounts in a short time and feeling unable to stop
- Going to the bathroom soon after meals
- Secretive eating, guilt or shame
- Frequent concern about weight or body shape
- Excessive exercise or long periods without eating
- Dizziness, tiredness, bloating or abdominal pain
- Sore throat, swollen glands or damage to the teeth
- Irregular or absent periods
Why treatment matters
Repeated vomiting or misuse of laxatives can disturb salts in the blood and lead to dehydration, seizures, kidney problems or dangerous heart rhythm changes. Stomach acid can damage the throat and tooth enamel. Bulimia can also occur with anxiety, depression, self-harm or suicidal thoughts.
Assessment and treatment
A healthcare professional may ask about eating patterns, emotional wellbeing and physical symptoms. Assessment can include blood tests, an ECG and checks of hydration and general health. Early help improves the chance of recovery.
Treatment is individual and commonly includes an evidence-based talking therapy, supported self-help and nutritional guidance. Other mental health conditions may also need treatment. Recovery often takes time, but it is possible. Do not stop purging abruptly without advice if you are physically unwell or using large amounts of laxatives or diuretics.
When to seek urgent help
Seek urgent medical care for fainting, chest pain, an irregular heartbeat, severe weakness, confusion, seizures, vomiting blood, severe dehydration or inability to keep fluids down. Get immediate crisis or emergency help if there is a risk of suicide or serious self-harm.
Sources
Reviewed: 28 August 2026