Chickenpox is a highly contagious infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is usually mild in children but can be more serious in adults, newborn babies, pregnant people and anyone with a weakened immune system.
Symptoms
The main symptom is an itchy rash. Spots develop into fluid filled blisters and then form scabs. New spots can appear while older ones are healing, so several stages may be visible at the same time. A temperature, aches, tiredness and reduced appetite may occur before or during the rash.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Contact a healthcare service promptly if chickenpox is suspected during pregnancy, in a newborn baby, or in someone with a weakened immune system. Call before attending in person to avoid exposing other patients. Advice is also needed if the skin becomes increasingly red, hot or painful, symptoms suddenly worsen or the person is dehydrated.
When to Get Emergency Help
Call your local emergency number for severe breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, confusion, a seizure, a stiff neck, inability to stay awake or a child who is limp or not responding normally.
Care at Home
Offer fluids, keep nails short and use cool baths or suitable soothing products to reduce itching. A pharmacist can advise about antihistamines. Use paracetamol according to professional or package instructions if needed. Do not give aspirin to anyone under 16. Do not use ibuprofen for chickenpox unless a doctor advises it.
Preventing Spread
Follow local guidance about staying away from school, childcare or work. Avoid close contact with newborn babies, pregnant people and anyone with a weakened immune system until all spots have formed scabs. Wash hands and do not share towels, bedding or clothing. Vaccination is available according to local health programmes.
Sources
Reviewed 28 August 2026.