The common cold is a viral infection of the nose and throat. Symptoms usually develop gradually and most people begin to improve within one to two weeks. Children may have symptoms for longer. Antibiotics do not treat a cold because it is caused by viruses.
Symptoms
- A blocked or runny nose
- Sneezing
- Sore throat or hoarse voice
- Cough
- Tiredness and feeling unwell
- Mild fever, aches or pressure in the ears and face
Flu often begins more suddenly and tends to cause greater exhaustion, fever and muscle aches. COVID-19 and other respiratory infections can cause similar symptoms.
Care at home
Rest, drink enough fluid and eat as normally as possible. Paracetamol or ibuprofen may help with pain or fever but are not suitable for everyone. Check the label and avoid taking two products containing the same ingredient. Aspirin must not be given to anyone under 16.
Saline nose drops can help congestion. Decongestants have age limits and precautions, and nasal decongestant sprays should not be used longer than directed because congestion can rebound. Honey may soothe a cough in people over 12 months old. Avoid bowls of hot water for steam inhalation because they can cause serious scalds.
Reducing spread
Wash hands regularly, cover coughs and sneezes, dispose of tissues promptly and avoid sharing cups or towels. Stay away from vulnerable people while unwell when possible.
When to seek medical advice
Seek advice if symptoms are worsening, have not improved after about 10 days, fever persists, or a cough lasts more than three weeks. People with serious long-term conditions or a weakened immune system may need earlier assessment. Get urgent help for breathing difficulty, chest pain, confusion, blue or grey lips, severe dehydration or a child who is unusually sleepy or difficult to wake.
Sources
Reviewed: 28 August 2026