Falls become more common with age, but they are not an inevitable part of getting older. A fall may result from several factors acting together, including reduced strength or balance, vision problems, medicines, low blood pressure, hazards in the home or an acute illness.
Factors that increase fall risk
- Previous falls
- Muscle weakness or poor balance
- Vision or hearing problems
- Dizziness or a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing
- Medicines that cause sleepiness, dizziness or low blood pressure
- Foot problems or unsuitable footwear
- Clutter, poor lighting, loose rugs or unsafe stairs
- Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or stroke
Reducing the risk
Regular strength and balance exercise can reduce fall risk for many older adults. Vision checks, appropriate footwear, reviewing medicines with a healthcare professional and correcting hazards in the home can also help. Vitamin D or other supplements should be used for a specific indication rather than assumed to prevent falls in everyone.
After a fall
After a fall, check for pain, bleeding, confusion, weakness or difficulty standing. A healthcare assessment is useful after repeated falls, unexplained falls or new balance problems because an underlying medical condition or medicine effect may be contributing.
When urgent care is needed
Seek urgent medical care after a fall if there is loss of consciousness, new confusion, severe headache, repeated vomiting, new weakness or numbness, major bleeding, severe pain, inability to bear weight or a suspected fracture. Head injuries deserve particular attention in people taking anticoagulant medicines.
Related topics
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This page provides general health information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.