Genital itching, burning or irritation is common and can have many causes. Symptoms may come from the skin, vulva, vagina, penis or surrounding area. Because different conditions can feel similar, persistent or recurrent symptoms may need medical assessment rather than repeated self-treatment.
Common causes
Possible causes include:
- irritation from soaps, fragrances, detergents, lubricants or other products
- eczema, contact dermatitis or other skin conditions
- vaginal yeast infection
- bacterial vaginosis
- sexually transmitted infections, including herpes or trichomoniasis
- pubic lice or scabies
- hormonal changes around menopause that can cause dryness and irritation
- balanitis or inflammation affecting the penis
Burning with urination can also occur with a urinary tract infection or some sexually transmitted infections.
Symptoms that can help identify the cause
Notice whether itching occurs with a rash, sores, blisters, unusual discharge, odor, pain during urination or sex, swelling or skin changes. These details can help a healthcare professional determine which tests or treatment may be appropriate.
Gentle self-care
- Wash the external genital area gently with lukewarm water. Avoid scrubbing.
- Avoid scented soaps, intimate washes, douches, deodorants and other products that may irritate sensitive skin.
- Wear comfortable, breathable underwear and change out of wet clothing promptly.
- Avoid scratching when possible because damaged skin can become more irritated or infected.
- Do not repeatedly use antifungal or other treatments unless the cause is reasonably clear or a healthcare professional has advised them.
Sexual health
If symptoms began after a new sexual contact, or occur with sores, discharge, pelvic pain or pain during urination, consider testing for sexually transmitted infections. Avoid sexual contact that causes pain or could expose a partner to a possible infection until you have appropriate advice.
When to get medical care
Arrange an assessment if symptoms are severe, persistent, recurrent or unexplained, or if you have unusual discharge, sores, blisters, bleeding, pelvic pain, fever, painful urination or symptoms after possible STI exposure. New persistent vulvar or penile skin changes should also be examined.
Seek urgent medical care for severe genital swelling with difficulty urinating, rapidly spreading redness with fever, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, or another rapidly worsening illness.
This information is general and does not replace individual medical assessment, diagnosis or treatment.