Genital warts are growths caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). They can develop on or around the genitals and anus. The HPV types that usually cause genital warts are different from the high-risk HPV types most strongly associated with cancer.
Symptoms
- one or more small growths around the genitals or anus
- warts that may be flat, raised or grouped together
- itching, irritation or discomfort
- occasional bleeding, especially if a wart is irritated
Genital warts may appear months after HPV was acquired, and many people with HPV never develop visible warts. It is usually not possible to determine exactly when HPV was acquired or which partner transmitted it.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional can usually diagnose genital warts by examining the affected area. Other skin conditions can resemble warts, so new or unusual genital growths should be assessed rather than self-diagnosed. HPV testing is not used to diagnose genital warts.
Treatment
Some genital warts disappear without treatment, while others remain or increase in number. Treatment may include prescription medicines applied to the skin, freezing, or procedures performed by a healthcare professional. Warts can return after treatment.
Do not use over-the-counter treatments intended for ordinary hand or foot warts on genital skin. Treatment choices can differ during pregnancy, so discuss genital warts with a healthcare professional if you are pregnant.
HPV Transmission and Prevention
HPV spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex. It can be transmitted even when no visible warts are present. Condoms can reduce the risk but cannot fully prevent HPV because uncovered skin may carry the virus.
HPV vaccination can prevent infections with HPV types responsible for most genital warts and can also protect against several HPV-related cancers. Vaccination prevents new infections; it does not treat an HPV infection that is already present.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Arrange an assessment for new genital or anal growths, persistent itching, pain, bleeding or lesions that are changing. Prompt assessment is especially important for lesions that are ulcerated, unusually pigmented, hard, fixed or rapidly changing, and for people with a weakened immune system.
Related Topics
Sources and Further Reading
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Genital HPV Infection
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: HPV Treatment Guidelines
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This information does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.