Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection that mainly affects young children, although adults can also catch it. It is not related to the foot and mouth disease seen in farm animals. Most people recover without specific treatment within 7 to 10 days.
Symptoms
The illness may begin with fever, a sore throat, reduced appetite and feeling unwell. Painful mouth ulcers often appear a few days later, followed by spots or small blisters on the hands and feet. The rash can also affect the buttocks or groin. Its colour varies with skin tone.
Care at home
Offer cool fluids frequently to prevent dehydration. Soft foods may be easier to eat, while acidic, spicy, salty or very hot foods can irritate mouth ulcers. Age-appropriate paracetamol or ibuprofen may relieve pain or fever, but follow the label and ask a pharmacist if unsure. Aspirin must not be given to anyone under 16.
Antibiotics do not treat this viral infection. Children can return to nursery or school when they feel well enough; it is not necessary to wait for every blister to heal.
Reducing spread
The virus spreads through coughs, sneezes, blister fluid and faeces. Wash hands carefully with soap and water, especially after changing nappies or using the toilet. Avoid sharing cups, cutlery and towels, and clean frequently touched surfaces.
When to seek medical advice
Seek medical advice if symptoms have not improved after 7 to 10 days, if you are pregnant, or if the diagnosis is uncertain. Get urgent help if a child drinks very little, urinates less than usual, is unusually sleepy, has a very high temperature, has breathing difficulty or becomes rapidly more unwell.
Sources
Reviewed: 28 August 2026