Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection. It is most common in young children but can affect anyone. It is not chickenpox and is not caused by a virus. Treatment usually clears the infection and reduces the chance of spreading it.
Symptoms
Impetigo often begins with red or itchy sores or blisters. They break open, leak clear fluid or pus and form golden yellow or honey colored crusts. The face around the nose and mouth, hands, arms and legs are common locations, but any area can be affected.
Some people develop larger fluid filled blisters. The skin may be sore or itchy. Fever and severe illness are not typical of a limited infection and need medical assessment.
Cause and spread
Impetigo is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococcal bacteria or both. Bacteria enter through damaged skin, including cuts, insect bites, eczema or scratching.
It spreads through direct contact with sores or contaminated items such as towels, clothing and bedding. Scratching can transfer infection to other parts of the body.
Diagnosis and treatment
A healthcare professional usually diagnoses impetigo by examining the skin. A swab may be taken if infection keeps returning, is widespread or does not respond to treatment.
Treatment depends on the number and location of sores and local antibiotic guidance. It may include an antiseptic treatment, an antibiotic applied to the skin or antibiotic tablets. Use the treatment exactly as directed and complete any prescribed antibiotic course.
Do not use leftover antibiotics or share treatment. Seek review if the rash spreads, becomes more painful or does not begin improving as expected.
Reducing spread
- Wash hands often, especially after touching or treating the affected skin.
- Keep sores clean and cover them with a light dressing when practical.
- Do not share towels, washcloths, bedding, clothing or razors.
- Wash clothing and bedding regularly and avoid scratching.
- Keep fingernails short and clean.
- Avoid close contact sports until it is safe to return.
Rules for returning to school, childcare or work vary by country. Follow local public health advice. A common recommendation is to remain away until sores are crusted and healed or until at least 48 hours after effective antibiotic treatment has started.
See our Skin Health section for information about other rashes and skin infections.
When to seek urgent help
Seek prompt medical advice if the infection is near the eyes, rapidly spreading, very painful, associated with fever, or affects a newborn or someone with a weakened immune system. Increasing redness, warmth, swelling or red streaks can indicate a deeper infection.
Call emergency services for confusion, collapse, severe breathing difficulty, blue or grey skin, or signs of a serious allergic reaction to treatment.
Sources
- NHS: Impetigo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: About impetigo
- CDC: Clinical guidance for impetigo
- American Academy of Dermatology: Impetigo self care
Using this information
This information supports, but does not replace, diagnosis and treatment by a qualified healthcare professional. Several skin conditions can resemble impetigo, and antibiotic choice depends on the extent of infection and local guidance.
Reviewed: 28 August 2026