Men’s health includes conditions affecting the prostate, testicles, urinary tract, sexual function, fertility and general health. Some symptoms are common and treatable, while others require prompt assessment.
Prostate and urinary health
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) — noncancerous prostate enlargement that can affect urination.
- Urinary Tract Infection — infection affecting part of the urinary system.
- Blood in Urine — a symptom that should be medically assessed.
- Urinary Incontinence — involuntary leakage of urine.
- Overactive Bladder — urinary urgency, often with increased frequency.
- Bladder Stones — mineral deposits that form in the bladder.
Sexual and reproductive health
Sexual health concerns can include erectile difficulties, reduced libido, fertility problems, pain, testicular symptoms and sexually transmitted infections. Persistent changes deserve medical assessment because physical health, medicines, hormones and psychological factors can all contribute.
For infections, testing and prevention, see Sexual Health and STIs.
Symptoms that should be assessed
- A new testicular lump or persistent swelling
- Persistent urinary difficulty or a weak urine stream
- Blood in urine or semen
- Persistent pelvic, groin or testicular discomfort
- Ongoing erectile or fertility problems
- Unexplained weight loss or persistent fatigue
When to seek urgent care
Sudden severe testicular pain requires immediate medical assessment because testicular torsion can threaten the testicle if treatment is delayed. Seek urgent care if you cannot urinate, have severe pain with fever, or have heavy urinary bleeding.
Preventive care
Preventive healthcare includes management of blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes risk, appropriate vaccinations, avoiding tobacco, regular physical activity and age- and risk-appropriate discussions about cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening decisions should be individualized after discussion of potential benefits and harms.
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This page provides general health information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.