Mental health affects how we think, feel, cope with stress, relate to other people and manage daily life. Mental health can change over time, and anyone can experience periods of distress or develop a mental health condition.
Common mental health conditions
Conditions include anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms and severity vary widely, and a diagnosis should be made by a qualified professional rather than from a symptom list alone.
Signs that support may be needed
- Persistent sadness, anxiety, irritability or emotional numbness
- Loss of interest in usual activities
- Major changes in sleep, appetite or energy
- Difficulty concentrating or managing everyday responsibilities
- Withdrawing from friends, family, school or work
- Increasing use of alcohol or drugs to cope
- Unusual beliefs, hallucinations or severe confusion
- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide
What can affect mental health?
Mental health is influenced by many interacting factors, including genetics, physical health, trauma, relationships, discrimination, financial pressure, work or school stress, sleep, substance use and major life changes. Having a mental health condition is not explained by a single cause.
Treatment and support
Effective care depends on the condition and the individual. Options can include psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, family or social support, treatment for substance use, and practical help with sleep, work, housing or other stressors.
Regular physical activity, consistent sleep, social connection and meaningful activities can support mental wellbeing, but they do not replace professional treatment when a mental health condition requires care.
Reducing stigma
Stigma can prevent people from discussing symptoms or seeking treatment. Mental health conditions are health conditions and deserve the same thoughtful assessment and evidence-based care as physical illnesses. Respectful language, privacy and access to appropriate treatment can make it easier for people to ask for help.
When to seek professional help
Consider talking with a healthcare or mental health professional when symptoms persist, worsen, cause significant distress or interfere with relationships, work, school, sleep or daily responsibilities. Earlier assessment can help identify appropriate support and rule out medical conditions that may contribute to symptoms.
Urgent mental health help
Seek immediate help if you or someone else is in immediate danger, has attempted self-harm, has a plan or intent to die by suicide, is severely confused or agitated, cannot stay safe, or is experiencing severe symptoms that create an immediate risk. Contact local emergency services or an appropriate crisis service in your country and stay with the person when it is safe to do so.
This information is general and does not replace individual medical or mental health assessment or treatment.