Mumps is a contagious viral infection that commonly causes painful swelling around the cheeks and neck. It spreads through respiratory droplets and saliva. Most people recover, but complications can occur, particularly in teenagers and adults.
Symptoms
The main symptom is painful swelling of one or both parotid glands, located below the ears. Swelling can make chewing, swallowing or speaking uncomfortable. Other symptoms include a high temperature, headache, muscle aches, tiredness and reduced appetite. Some infections cause few or no symptoms.
What to Do If Mumps Is Suspected
Contact a healthcare service and call before attending in person so that other patients are not exposed. Testing may be arranged. Rest, drink fluids and use suitable pain relief according to professional or package instructions. Do not give aspirin to anyone under 16.
When to Get Urgent Help
Get urgent medical advice for severe abdominal or back pain, or painful swollen testicles. Call your local emergency number for a severe headache, repeated vomiting, a stiff neck, pain from bright light, confusion, a seizure or loss of consciousness.
Complications
Complications can include inflammation of the testicles or ovaries, meningitis, pancreatitis and temporary hearing loss. These are more common after puberty. Seek medical assessment if new symptoms develop.
Preventing Spread
Follow local advice about staying away from school, work and close contact. Wash hands, cover coughs and sneezes and do not share cups, cutlery, towels or bedding. The MMR or MMRV vaccine helps prevent mumps according to the vaccination program where you live.
Sources
Reviewed 28 August 2026.