Norovirus is a very contagious cause of vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms usually start suddenly and most people recover in one to three days. The main concern is dehydration, especially in young children, older adults and people with other health conditions.
What symptoms can it cause?
- Vomiting, watery diarrhea, nausea and stomach pain.
- Sometimes headache, fever or body aches.
- Signs of dehydration include less urination, dry mouth, dizziness and unusual tiredness. In a child, watch for fewer wet diapers or unusual sleepiness.
What can you do at home?
Take frequent small sips of fluid. Oral rehydration solution can replace water and salts lost through vomiting or diarrhea; use a commercially prepared product according to its instructions when available. If you cannot keep fluids down, seek medical advice. Antibiotics do not treat norovirus.
When should you seek medical care?
Seek prompt care for signs of dehydration, persistent vomiting, blood in the stool, severe abdominal pain, confusion, or symptoms that are worsening. Babies, frail older adults and people with serious medical conditions may need assessment earlier. Call local emergency services for collapse or severe confusion.
How do you prevent spreading it?
- Wash hands well with soap and water, especially after using the toilet and before handling food. Hand sanitizer alone does not work well against norovirus.
- Do not prepare food or care for others while sick and for at least 48 hours after symptoms stop.
- Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces using a product effective against norovirus. Wash soiled laundry carefully and avoid shaking it.
Norovirus spreads through close contact, contaminated food or water and contaminated surfaces. You can still spread it after feeling better, so keep washing your hands carefully.
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 28 September 2026. This page provides general information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.