Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological condition that causes an uncomfortable urge to move the legs. Symptoms usually begin or become worse during rest, are more noticeable in the evening or at night, and improve temporarily with movement.
Common symptoms
- An urge to move the legs
- Crawling, tingling, pulling, aching or other uncomfortable sensations
- Symptoms that begin or worsen while sitting or lying down
- Temporary relief from walking, stretching or moving the legs
- Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Daytime fatigue caused by disrupted sleep
Causes and risk factors
The cause is not always known. RLS can run in families and is associated with changes in brain dopamine pathways. Iron deficiency, pregnancy, kidney disease and some medicines can trigger or worsen symptoms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is mainly based on the pattern of symptoms. Blood tests may be used to check iron stores and look for contributing conditions. A sleep study is not usually necessary unless another sleep disorder is suspected.
Treatment
Treatment may include correcting iron deficiency when confirmed, reviewing medicines that could worsen symptoms, regular physical activity and healthy sleep habits. For persistent or severe symptoms, prescription medicines may be considered after individual assessment.
When to seek medical advice
Seek medical assessment when symptoms regularly disrupt sleep, affect daytime function or are becoming more severe. New leg swelling, redness, severe pain or sudden weakness is not typical of RLS and should be assessed for other causes.
Related topics
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This page provides general health information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.