A transient ischemic attack (TIA) happens when blood flow to part of the brain is temporarily interrupted. It causes the same sudden symptoms as a stroke, but the symptoms resolve. A TIA is an urgent warning that a stroke may follow.
Recognize the Signs with FAST
- Face: One side may droop.
- Arms: One arm may become weak or numb.
- Speech: Speech may be slurred, confused or difficult.
- Time: Contact local emergency services immediately.
Other symptoms can include sudden loss of vision, weakness or numbness on one side, dizziness, loss of balance, confusion or difficulty understanding speech.
What to Do
It is impossible to know at first whether symptoms are caused by a TIA or a stroke. Get emergency help immediately, even if symptoms improve or disappear. Do not drive yourself to the hospital.
Causes and Risk Factors
A TIA is usually caused by a temporary blockage in an artery supplying the brain. Risk factors include high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking and narrowing of the carotid arteries.
Assessment and Prevention
Urgent assessment helps identify the cause and reduce stroke risk. It may include blood pressure checks, blood tests, an electrocardiogram, examination of the neck arteries and brain imaging when appropriate.
Treatment depends on the cause and may include antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication, cholesterol-lowering treatment, blood pressure treatment or a procedure for severe narrowing of a carotid artery. Do not start aspirin or change prescribed medication unless a qualified healthcare professional or emergency service advises you to do so.
This information is general and does not replace emergency medical assessment or treatment.
Related topic
Stroke: symptoms and emergency action
Sources and further reading
- CDC: About Stroke
- American Stroke Association: Transient Ischemic Attack
- CDC: Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
Last reviewed: 28 September 2026.