Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths made of muscle and fibrous tissue that develop in or around the uterus. They are common, particularly during the reproductive years, and many cause no symptoms.
Common symptoms
Symptoms can include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure or pain, frequent urination, constipation, lower back discomfort and abdominal enlargement. Fibroids can sometimes affect fertility or pregnancy, although many people with fibroids become pregnant without difficulty.
Diagnosis
Fibroids may be suspected during a pelvic examination and are commonly assessed with ultrasound. Other imaging or procedures may be recommended depending on symptoms and individual circumstances.
Treatment
Fibroids that cause no symptoms may not require treatment. Options for troublesome symptoms include medicines to reduce bleeding or pain, hormonal treatments and procedures that shrink or remove fibroids. Hysterectomy may be considered in selected cases when other options are unsuitable.
When to seek medical care
Seek medical advice for very heavy periods, persistent pelvic pain or pressure, bleeding between periods, increasing abdominal swelling or symptoms of anemia such as unusual fatigue or shortness of breath. Seek urgent care for very heavy bleeding with dizziness, fainting or severe weakness.
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This page provides general health information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.