Vulvodynia is persistent vulvar pain that lasts for at least three months and does not have a clear identifiable cause. Vestibulodynia refers to pain focused around the vaginal opening (vestibule), often triggered by touch, sexual activity or tampon use.
Symptoms
Pain may be described as burning, stinging, rawness, soreness or irritation. It can be constant or triggered by pressure and may affect sexual activity, exercise, sitting and everyday quality of life.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves taking a careful history and examining for infections, skin conditions, pelvic floor problems and other possible causes of pain. No single test confirms vulvodynia.
Treatment
Treatment is individualized and may include vulvar care, pelvic floor physical therapy, pain-modifying medicines, psychological or sexual-health support and other specialist treatments. Several approaches may be combined.
When to seek care
Persistent vulvar pain should be medically assessed. Seek prompt care for severe new pain, genital ulcers, fever, significant swelling, unusual bleeding or rapidly worsening symptoms.
Sources and further reading
Last reviewed: 4 September 2026. This page provides general health information and does not replace individual medical assessment or treatment.